Tag: Tshepe

Criminal cartels & dilapidated energy networks: Will South Africa act?

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A true challenge to the impartiality of the South African Competition Authority: Eskom and its Criminal Supplier Cartels — Let’s wait and see what SACC does now

By Joshua Eveleigh

Will South Africa’s antitrust watchdog, under the aegies of its relatively new head Doris Tshepe, investigate and prosecute flagrant cartel conduct, when it is practically presented on a sliver platter by one of the CEOs of the (willing?) victims of said illegality…? Andre De Ruyter, former CEO of South Africa’s recently-infamous Eskom, is no stranger to the limelight – this is particularly true, following his scandalous (but not so surprising) bombshell allegations of deep-rooted and systemic corruption within the State-Owned Enterprise, together with ‘senior politicians’.

Even more recently, De Ruyter tested the antitrust waters and emphasised the existence of at least four cartels amongst coal mines in Mpumalanga (the Presidential Cartel, the Mesh-Kings Cartel, the Legendaries Cartel, and the Chief Cartel, respectively) intent on defrauding Eskom by, amongst a myriad other means, engaging in collusive tendering, so as to ensure that one of the cartel’s participants would ultimately be appointed as a lucrative vendor.

While there may not be any definitive or public available evidence, as of yet, the mere allegations of such cartels by the SOEs former CEO should at least raise enough red flags for South Africa’s Competition Commission. In this respect, section 4(1)(b)(iii) of the Competition Act expressly prohibits collusive tendering, forming part of the ‘cartel conduct’ category, the most egregious form of competition law contraventions due to their unnecessary raising of prices – of which may be passed down to end-consumers.  Mr. De Ruyter noted that the mere reality that cartel chiefs had ceased posting personal jet set lifestyle photos on social media was evidence of their having been alerted to the risks attendant to flagrant antitrust violations.

Given the current state of load-shedding, Eskom’s R423 billion indebtedness (as of March 2023) and the prejudicial impact that these factors are having on both business and personal livelihoods, the South African Competition Commission – theoretically in charge of cartels in the country — must surely regard the energy sector as a priority.  In this regard, one would expect a similar sense of urgency and emphasis that the Competition Commission has recently placed on the retail and grocery sectors, for the focus to be on South Africa’s energy sector.  After all, says Primerio partner John Oxenham, “this sector impacts every facet of commerce and consumer welfare.  If this was the case, the South African public could expect to see the prosecution and sanctioning of numerous cartels, each allowing for a maximum administrative penalty of 10% of the cartelist’s locally derived turnover as well as the potential for subsequent civil follow-on damages claims as well as criminal prosecutions.”

Oxenham’s competition-law colleague, Michael Currie, opines that, “[i]n the event that the Competition Commission does not investigate and prosecute against the coal mine cartels, such a position would largely reinforce the notion that some of the most unscrupulous of cartels are immune from prosecution, further entrenching the existence of cartels in South Africa’s most sensitive sectors.”

Doris Tshepe to lead Africa’s major antitrust enforcer as of September 2022

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On 9th June 2022, the Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, Mr Ebrahim Patel, announced his decision to appoint Ms. Doris Tshepe as the new Commissioner of the South African Competition Commission (“SACC”). Ms Tshepe will succeed outgoing Commissioner Tembinkosi Bonakele.

Minister Patel’s announcement comes as somewhat of a surprise to observers, given Commissioner Bonakele’s nine-year tenure and instrumentality in increasing merger and cartel enforcement within South Africa, whilst also advocating and advancing the role of the ‘public interest’ in both of these aspects. Under the leadership of Commissioner Bonakele, the SACC has been considered widely as an agency of international importance.

Andreas Stargard and Outgoing Commissioner Tembinkosi Bonakele (South Africa)

Commissioner Bonakele’s successor, Ms Doris Tshepe, is a well-regarded attorney with extensive experience. Her legal practice spans over 20 years, during which she specialised in constitutional and administrative law, legislative drafting, media and communication law, commercial law, competition law and employment law.  Additionally, Ms Tshepe has significant investigatory experience, having been involved in the SACC’s previous market inquiries into the Liquid Petroleum Gas and Grocery Retail sectors as well as being a panel member for the recent Online Markets Inquiry. In addition to her investigative experience, Ms Tshepe also has legislative chops, having sat on a 2019 panel considering the recent amendments to the South African Competition Act.  Says John Oxenham, a South African antitrust attorney: “Future Commissioner Tshepe’s long history of working with the SACC and others to shape the current enforcement approach of the agency (as well as its trajectory for the future) indicates that the Commission’s focus will remain steady and sharp. I do not foresee any wavering in the course of the SACC’s currently robust operations, due to the transition in its leadership.”

Bearing Ms Tshepe’s investigative history in mind, we can generally expect her to continue Commissioner Bonakele’s strong enforcement initiatives. Having been appointed to the panel on the amendment of the Competition Act, there is also a reasonable likelihood that we will see the SACC continue implementing, if not increasing, its long-standing public-interest agenda – particularly given the transformative socio-economic objects of South African legislation, say the competition practitioners at Primerio Ltd.

Lastly, we note that not all is over at the SACC for “Tembi” — Minister Patel has stated that there are discussions with outgoing Commissioner Bonakele regarding the delegation of an appropriate set of responsibilities that would allow him to utilize his skills and experience in competition and public policy after his departure. Again, although the details of these responsibilities are unknown, Minister Patel’s statement emphasizes the increased shift towards a public-policy centric competition regime. 

Ms Tshepe is expected to assume her position as Commissioner of the Competition Commission during the course of September 2022.

Incoming Commissioner Doris Tshepe